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What is affecting the fertilizer fermentation?

2018-09-27
The composting fermentation is the core process in the production of ogranic fertilizer, the finished and qualified organic fertilizer after composting fermentation can reduce the damnge to plant, because the unprocessed organic manure should not be used, because fresh manure with dangerous bacteria might hurt crop roots, some attach to crops and cause direct pollution, and some enter the soil and cause indirect pollution, and it contains grass or weed seeds and organic compounds that are not conducive to crop growth. In addition, unripe feces can only be absorbed by crops after fermentation, because in this process, the organic waste will be decomposed by the mocrobes and turend into the organic fertilizer, as this slow process, the risk of overfeeding and the phenomenon of burning plant roots will be reduced; the following are some main factors that affect the compost and fermentation of ogranic fertilizer.
1.  Organic matter content
 Organic matter content affects the composting temperature and ventilated oxygen supply. If the organic matter content is too low, the heat generated in the fermentation process is not enough to promote and mainta the breeding of thermophilic bacteria , and the compost is hard to reach the high temperature stage, which will affect the harmless effect of compost. Moreover, low organic matter content will affect the fertilizer efficiency and use value of compost products. If the content of organic matter is too high, a large amount of oxygen will be needed, which will cause practical difficulties for ventilation and oxygen supply, so the suitable organic matter content is 20% ~ 80%.
 
 

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2. Ventilation and oxygen supply 
Ventilation and oxygen supply is one of the important conditions for aerobic composting production. The early stage should be dominated by aerobic supply, which is conducive to the mineralization process, In the later stage, oxygen supply should be stopped, which is good benificial to humic process. Ventilation, in addition to provide the oxygen supply, can also regulate the heap temperature and dry the compost. Small ventilation is not enough to provide sufficient oxygen to microorganisms, which will affect the increases of compost temperature, while too much ventilation may cause the heat loss of compost, finally affect the harmless degree of compost. The empirical data that is usually desirable for forced ventilation is between 0.05 m³ and 0.2m³/ per cubic meter composting materials every minute. 
3. Water content 
Water content directly affects composting fermentation speed and degree of maturation. For sludge compost, the appropriate moisture content is 50%~60%, the simple determination method is as follows: holding the material by hand can form a mass, there is a water stain, but the water does not drip out.
4. The carbon nitrogen ratio
Organic carbon mainly serves as the energy material of microorganisms. Most organic carbon is oxidized, decomposed and volatilized in the metabolic process of microorganisms, and some carbon constitutes the cellular material of microorganisms themselves. Nitrogen is mainly consumed in the synthesis of plasmids, in terms of the nutritional needs of microorganisms, the most appropriate carbon nitrogen ratio is about 20:1, When the C/N ratio is around 10:1 in the organic matte, the organic matter is decomposed by microorganisms at the maximum speed. With the increase of C/N ratio, the composting time was relatively longer. If the carbon nitrogen ratio of finished compost is too high, the agricultural utilization may cause the microorganism and the plant to compete for the nitrogen nutrient, the crop will use less nitrogen and affect the growth and development of crops.
 
5. PH value 
Microorganisms are allowed to reproduce in a large pH range in composting fermentation, the suitable pH is 6-8. The compost of solid waste usually does not require the adjustment of PH value. However, if the pH value is too high or too low, it need to be put into the open air for a certain period of time or mix with other compost or materials to reduce or increase the pH value
So we need to control these factors that affect the composting fermentation process, moreover, the suitable fermentation compost turning manchine is also necessity in the whole  production process of organic fertilizer.
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